Midterm Exam Review
- How many chromosomes are in a “normal” human karyotype?
- How would Down’s syndrome be detected on a karyotype?
- Know how to read the genetic code chart (both circle and square).
- What is the difference between a point mutation and a chromosomal mutation?
- What is produced during transcription?
- What is produced during translation?
- Know the base pair rule in DNA.
- Genes contain instructions for assembling what?
- What can a karyotype show?
- What are the sex chromosomes of a male? Female?
- What sex chromosomes does a father give to his child?
- What sex chromosomes does a mother give to her child?
- What is genotype?
- What is phenotype?
- Understand the different blood types.
- Most sex linked genes are located where?
- Why is colorblindness more common in males than in females?
- What is “DNA Fingerprinting” and what is it based on?
- What restriction enzymes and what do they do?
- What is gel electrophoresis and what can it be used to determine?
- What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?
- What are codominance, incomplete dominance, and polygenic traits?
- What is the difference between a dominant and recessive allele?
- What is haploid and diploid?
- What is selective breeding and what does it produce?
- What is a pedigree and what can it be used for?
- What is homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous?
- Be able to conduct monohybrid crosses.
- Be able to conduct dihybrid crosses.
- What is the gene pool?
- The 2 main sources of genetic variation are?
- What is the advantage of a polygenic trait over a single gene trait?
- What is the difference between common names and scientific names?
- Why did scientists come up with scientific names?
- Know how to write scientific names. What font? What is capitalized and what is lower case?
- What is the first word of a scientific name? What is the second?
- Know how to read a dichotomous key.
- A hypothesis is useful only if it can be ____________.
- How many variables are tested in an experiment?
- What kingdoms contain organisms with cell walls?
- Why does diffusion occur?
- What is homeostasis?
- What is metabolism?
- What are the monomers of proteins? What are the main functions of proteins?
- What are the monomers of lipids? What are the main functions of lipids?
- What are the monomers of carbohydrates? What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
- What are the monomers of nucleic acids? What are the main functions of nucleic acids?
- What are the levels of organization from atom à biosphere?
- What is the ATP molecule made of?
- What is the equation of photosynthesis? Know the reactants and products.
- What is the equation of cellular respiration? Know the reactants and products.
- What are pigments? What is the main pigment in most plants?
- There are 2 major categories of cells. What are these categories based on?
- What is osmosis?
- Label the organelles of the an Animal Cell and a Plant Cell and know the function of each.
- In DNA, what determines the traits of an organism?
- What are the components of the DNA molecule?
- Who were Robert Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow?
- Why do plants appear green?
- In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
- In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
- What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
- What causes your muscles to burn?
- What is the difference in the products of mitosis and meiosis?
- What is a codon and an anticodon?
- What are the 3 types of RNA and what do they look like?
- What is crossing over and what does it look like?
- What are the steps of Mitosis? Know what each step looks like.
- What are the parts of a chromosome?
- What is the difference between a polymer and a monomer?
- What are centrioles and what is their role in mitosis and meiosis?
- What are spindle fibers and what is their role in mitosis and meiosis?
- What is the process of DNA replication?
- What is produced during DNA replication?
- What has to separate during DNA replication?
- Why must cells divide?
- What is the same in every cell in the body?
- What is cell specialization? Give examples in your body.
- What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
- Know how to read the gel for DNA fingerprinting.